Last modified: 2021-09-01
Abstract
It is of great importance to develop cathode buffer layers (CBLs) [1-3] based on advanced nanomaterials to optimize electron collection and provide high power conversion efficiency for an inverted perovskite solar cells [4-6]. Here, we have developed ZnO-nanorods with 30-40 nm in diameter and ˂ 1 µm in long, which is confirmed by XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, DLS, and EDX analyses. Planar PSCs (p−i−n) was successfully fabricated with device structure (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/PC61BM/CBLs/Ag) based on (CBL = ZnO-NRs and bathocuproine (BCP) as composite (ZnO-NRs:BCP). In comparison, ZnO-NRs or BCP as a single layer, ZnO-NRs:BCP composite has demonstrated a compact, defect-less thin film and better coverage on the perovskite/PC61BM surface. The morphology of ZnO as nanorods help to diminish recombination of interface charge and improving device performance. The efficiency of ZnO-NRs:BCP based on devices was 18.13% which is the highest than the estimated values of the single-layer ZnO-NRs-based device (16.55%), or device with BCP (15.17%). In comparison, long-term stability is enhanced with the usage of ZnO-NRs:BCP composites as well as ZnO-NRs as single layers as opposed to the reference cells of BCP. This work indicates the choice of ZnO-NRs:BCP composite and ZnO-NRs as CBL are promising application; almost no degradation was found for PSCs, suggesting that ZnO-NRs:BCP composite and ZnO-NRs can provide interface property stabilization and enhance the performance stability of the perovskite solar cells.